The RSF perpetrated mass killings, mass rapes, pillage, torture, and destruction of villages and were accused of committing ethnic cleansing against the Fur, Masalit, and Zaghawa. In order to crush uprisings which were staged by non-Arab tribes in the Nuba Mountains and Darfur, Al-Bashir relied upon the Janjaweed and the RSF. Figures in the Darfur conflict included Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, a warlord better known by his mononym Hemedti who commanded the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) which evolved from the Janjaweed, a collection of Arab militias drawn from camel-trading tribes active in Darfur and portions of Chad. Approximately 300,000 people were killed and 2.7 million forcibly displaced in the initial part of the Darfur conflict the intensity of the violence later declined. Main article: Sudanese transition to democracyįormer president and military strongman Omar al-Bashir presided over the War in Darfur and he also oversaw the state-sponsored acts of violence which were committed there, leading to charges of war crimes and genocide. In June, a faction of the militant Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North (SPLM-N) led by Abdelaziz al-Hilu started attacking army positions in the south of the country. Throughout the conflict, RSF leader Mohamed Hamdan "Hemedti" Dagalo and Sudan's de facto leader and army chief Abdel Fattah al-Burhan have disputed control of government sites, including the general military headquarters, the Presidential Palace, Khartoum International Airport, Burhan's official residence, and the SNBC headquarters. Airstrikes, artillery, and gunfire were reported across Sudan. The conflict began with attacks by the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) on government sites. As of 20 June, between 3,000 and 5,000 people had been killed and 6,000 to 8,000 others injured, while as of July 2023, 2.2 million were internally displaced and 645,000 others had fled the country as refugees. An armed conflict between rival factions of the military government of Sudan began on 15 April 2023, when clashes broke out in cities, with the fighting concentrated around the capital city of Khartoum and the Darfur region.
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